如何使用class來鏈接tkinter gui和程序？

Question

我有很多關於python class和tkinter的問題。 我以前從未使用過，但我試圖製作我的第一個程序並將其鏈接到gui。 我分別做了我的程序和我的GUI，這是一個不好的選擇？

我的代碼，第一部分是：

from datetime import datetime 
class MyProgram: 

#dictonary with the information 
    d={1: ('sun','Paris',datetime(2012,4,17,00,00)), 2: ('cloud','Londres',datetime(2012,6,24,00,00)), 3 : ('snow','NewYork',datetime(2012,8,8,00,00)),4 : ('sun','Tokyo',datetime(2012,11,30,00,00))} 
#List of string of d 
    d_string=[('sun','Paris',str(datetime(2012,4,17,00,00))),('cloud','Londres',str(datetime(2012,6,24,00,00))),('snow','NewYork',str(datetime(2012,8,8,00,00))),('sun','Tokyo',str(datetime(2012,11,30,00,00)))]  

#function to query d 
    def queryD(timeAfter=datetime(1900,01,01,00,00), timeBefore=datetime(2500,01,01,00,00),place=None): 

     if place == None:  
      answer = [[key,values] for key,values in MyProgram.d.items() if values[2]>timeAfter and values[2]<timeBefore] 

     else: 
      answer = [[key,values] for key,values in MyProgram.d.items() if values[2]>timeAfter and values[2]<timeBefore and values[1]==place] 
     return answer  

#function to write the results of queryD not finished yet because i can just print d_string, but it is not the queastion 
    def writeIndex(): 

    #open index.txt and give the right to write  
      myFile=open('output.txt', 'w')  
      for l in MyProgram.d_string: 
       myFile.writelines('\t'.join(l)+'\n') 
      myFile.close() 
      return myFile 

#function to read the file output   
    def readIndex(): 

    #open index.txt and give the right to read 
      with open('output.txt', 'r') as f: 
    #return all the written informations in index.txt in a terminal 
       return [myIndex.split('\t') for myIndex in f.readlines()] 

我的GUI是：

from Tkinter import * 
from datetime import * 
import MyProgram 

class App: 

    def __init__(self, gui): 

     gui = Frame(gui) 
     gui.grid() 

#AFTER  

    #Create Text 
     self.textAfter = Label(gui, text="Put a date : ") 
     #give to Text a place 
     self.textAfter.grid(column=0,row=0) 

     #Create an area to write text 
     self.entryAfter = Entry(gui)   
     self.entryAfter.grid(column=1,row=0,sticky='EW') 
     self.entryAfter.insert(0, 'YYYY/MM/DD') 

     self.entryAfter.focus_set() 

     #Create a button 
     self.buttonAfter = Button(gui,text=u'After', command=self.getAfterTxT) 
     self.buttonAfter.grid(column=2,row=0)     

#BEFORE  
     self.textBefore = Label(gui, text="Put a date : ") 
     self.textBefore.grid(column=0,row=1) 

     self.entryBefore = Entry(gui)   
     self.entryBefore.grid(column=1,row=1,sticky='EW') 
     self.entryBefore.insert(0, 'YYYY/MM/DD') 

     self.buttonBefore = Button(gui,text=u"Before",command=self.getBeforeTxT) 
     self.buttonBefore.grid(column=2,row=1) 

#PLACE  
     self.textStation = Label(gui, text="Select your place : ") 
     self.textStation.grid(column=0,row=2) 

     self.optionList = ('Paris', 'Tokyo', 'Londres','NewYork') 
     self.var = StringVar(gui) 
     self.optionmenu = apply(OptionMenu, (gui,self.var) + tuple(self.optionList)) 
     self.optionmenu.grid(column=1, row=2,sticky="WE") 

     self.buttonStation = Button(gui,text=u"Place", command = self.getPlaceValue) 
     self.buttonStation.grid(column=2,row=2) 

#QUIT 
     self.bouttonQuit = Button(gui, text='Quit', command = gui.quit) 
     self.bouttonQuit.grid(column=2,row=3) 

#SAVE AS 
     self.buttonSaveAs = Button(gui,text=u"Save As", command = self.printData) 
     self.buttonSaveAs.grid(column=1,row=3) 

#get the text from the emtry entryAfter  
#I don't know how i can use afterTxTd,beforeTxTd,stationPlace in MyProgram 
#to put in my function queryD 
    def getAfterTxT(self): 
     afterTxT = self.entryAfter.get() 
     afterTxTd=datetime.strptime(afterTxT,'%Y/%m/%d') 

    def getBeforeTxT(self): 
     beforeTxT = self.entryBefore.get() 
     beforeTxTd= datetime.strptime(beforeTxT,'%Y/%m/%d') 

    def getPlaceValue(self): 
     stationPlace = self.var.get()   

#This is the error 
    def printData(self): 
     MyProgram.writeIndex() 

gui = Tk() 

app = App(gui) 

gui.mainloop() 
gui.destroy() 

當後的按鈕，用戶點擊，我想跑MyProgram（把一個日期之後），運行腳本，將信息寫入文本文件並使用函數readIndex（）顯示結果。 之後，如果用戶想保存該文件，他只需按下另存爲按鈕即可。 你有什麼建議可以幫助我嗎？任何教程？我是否必須爲MyProgram中的每個函數創建一個類，並且是否必須爲每個類創建'init'？ Thanx閱讀此文章！祝你今天愉快 ！

Answer 1

如果你有一個腳本文件myfirst_script.py然後你把這個作爲

import myfirst_script 

，然後如果你有一個腳本文件MyProgram.py然後你把這個你可以使用它作爲

my_program = myfirst_script.MyProgram() 
my_program.writeIndex() 

as

import MyProgram 

然後你就可以使用它作爲

my_program = MyProgram.MyProgram() 
my_program.writeIndex() 

，或者你可以導入作爲

from MyProgram import MyProgram 

，然後你可以使用它作爲

my_program = MyProgram() 
my_program.writeIndex() 

---

BTW：在類中的所有功能都需要self作爲第一個參數，因爲調用

my_program.writeIndex() 

是（內部爲Python）幾乎像調用

writeIndex(my_program) 

---

BTW：類使順序代碼，但我認爲你不需要MyProgram類，你可以在第一個腳本中只使用分離功能。

然後，你可以使用它（沒有所有self S）爲

import myfirst_script 

myfirst_script.writeIndex() 

最終，你將需要一些功能，這改變d和d_string值global。