是否有一個「Hello，World」類似於GNU的圖書館示例項目？

Question

GNU Hello是GNU的最佳實踐，編碼標準，國際化，配置自動化等示例項目。

是否有類似的項目針對庫？我意識到GNU Hello可以用這種方式使用，但是我會錯過一些特定於圖書館的做法嗎？

我也在這個主題上搜索了很好的教程，Program Library HOWTO似乎是最合適的一個。你有什麼其他的建議？

Answer 1

有由倫納特·珀特林創建了一個名爲libabc: shared library skeleton項目：

爲了讓事情變得簡單，我們將一個示例骨架庫放在一起，我們將其命名爲libabc，其中的README文件包含了所有的簡潔形式的點。

http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/libabc.html

Answer 2

以下是我經常提出的一些指導原則。我不完全相信他們會多麼有用是：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indent_style

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0007/

否則，我只是盡力配合我所看到的。查看上面的風格指南應該能夠很好地說明尋找和嘗試匹配代碼的一致性。

編輯：

我要澄清，上述指南並非專用於GNU，但可能會幫助你找到的一致性，例如命名方案或標籤/間距指南。

Answer 3

我通過GNU手冊閱讀並發現了一個簡單的例子，我想會得到你一個良好的開端：

Straight from the manual:

/* hello.c -- print a greeting message and exit. 

    Copyright (C) 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 
    2005, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) 
    any later version. 

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 
    GNU General Public License for more details. 

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 
    Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */ 

#include <config.h> 
#include "system.h" 

/* String containing name the program is called with. */ 
const char *program_name; 

static const struct option longopts[] = 
{ 
    { "greeting", required_argument, NULL, 'g' }, 
    { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' }, 
    { "next-generation", no_argument, NULL, 'n' }, 
    { "traditional", no_argument, NULL, 't' }, 
    { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'v' }, 
    { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 } 
}; 

static void print_help (void); 
static void print_version (void); 

int 
main (int argc, char *argv[]) 
{ 
    int optc; 
    int t = 0, n = 0, lose = 0; 
    const char *greeting = NULL; 

    program_name = argv[0]; 

    /* Set locale via LC_ALL. */ 
    setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); 

#if ENABLE_NLS 
    /* Set the text message domain. */ 
    bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); 
    textdomain (PACKAGE); 
#endif 

    /* Even exiting has subtleties. The /dev/full device on GNU/Linux 
     can be used for testing whether writes are checked properly. For 
     instance, hello >/dev/full should exit unsuccessfully. On exit, 
     if any writes failed, change the exit status. This is 
     implemented in the Gnulib module "closeout". */ 
    atexit (close_stdout); 

    while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "g:hntv", longopts, NULL)) != -1) 
    switch (optc) 
     { 
     /* One goal here is having --help and --version exit immediately, 
      per GNU coding standards. */ 
     case 'v': 
     print_version(); 
     exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); 
     break; 
     case 'g': 
     greeting = optarg; 
     break; 
     case 'h': 
     print_help(); 
     exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); 
     break; 
     case 'n': 
     n = 1; 
     break; 
     case 't': 
     t = 1; 
     break; 
     default: 
     lose = 1; 
     break; 
     } 

    if (lose || optind < argc) 
    { 
     /* Print error message and exit. */ 
     if (optind < argc) 
     fprintf (stderr, _("%s: extra operand: %s\n"), 
     program_name, argv[optind]); 
     fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"), 
       program_name); 
     exit (EXIT_FAILURE); 
    } 

    /* Print greeting message and exit. */ 
    if (t) 
    printf (_("hello, world\n")); 

    else if (n) 
    /* TRANSLATORS: Use box drawing characters or other fancy stuff 
     if your encoding (e.g., UTF-8) allows it. If done so add the 
     following note, please: 

     [Note: For best viewing results use a UTF-8 locale, please.] 
    */ 
    printf (_("\ 
+---------------+\n\ 
| Hello, world! |\n\ 
+---------------+\n\ 
")); 

    else 
    { 
     if (!greeting) 
     greeting = _("Hello, world!"); 
     puts (greeting); 
    } 

    exit (EXIT_SUCCESS); 
} 


    
/* Print help info. This long message is split into 
    several pieces to help translators be able to align different 
    blocks and identify the various pieces. */ 

static void 
print_help (void) 
{ 
    /* TRANSLATORS: --help output 1 (synopsis) 
     no-wrap */ 
     printf (_("\ 
Usage: %s [OPTION]...\n"), program_name); 

    /* TRANSLATORS: --help output 2 (brief description) 
     no-wrap */ 
    fputs (_("\ 
Print a friendly, customizable greeting.\n"), stdout); 

    puts (""); 
    /* TRANSLATORS: --help output 3: options 1/2 
     no-wrap */ 
    fputs (_("\ 
    -h, --help   display this help and exit\n\ 
    -v, --version  display version information and exit\n"), stdout); 

    puts (""); 
    /* TRANSLATORS: --help output 4: options 2/2 
     no-wrap */ 
    fputs (_("\ 
    -t, --traditional  use traditional greeting format\n\ 
    -n, --next-generation use next-generation greeting format\n\ 
    -g, --greeting=TEXT  use TEXT as the greeting message\n"), stdout); 

    printf ("\n"); 
    /* TRANSLATORS: --help output 5 (end) 
     TRANSLATORS: the placeholder indicates the bug-reporting address 
     for this application. Please add _another line_ with the 
     address for translation bugs. 
     no-wrap */ 
    printf (_("\ 
Report bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT); 
} 


    
/* Print version and copyright information. */ 

static void 
print_version (void) 
{ 
    printf ("hello (GNU %s) %s\n", PACKAGE, VERSION); 
    /* xgettext: no-wrap */ 
    puts (""); 

    /* It is important to separate the year from the rest of the message, 
     as done here, to avoid having to retranslate the message when a new 
     year comes around. */ 
    printf (_("\ 
Copyright (C) %s Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n\ 
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later\ 
<http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n\ 
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.\n\ 
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"), 
       "2007"); 
}