我有一張表將地點映射到郵政編碼。例如,紐約州有大約2000個郵政編碼。我還有另一張表將郵件映射到發送給它的郵政編碼,但這張表有大約500萬行。我想查找發送給紐約州的所有郵件,這似乎很簡單,但查詢速度非常慢。我一直無法等待足夠長的時間才能完成。問題是有500萬行嗎?我忍不住想,現在500萬不應該是電腦這麼大的一個數字......哦,一切都被編入索引。 SQL是不是被設計來處理這樣的大型連接?什麼是合理數量的行和表能夠加入MySQL?
更新:正如人們所問,我已經更新了這個問題的表格定義和我正在使用的查詢。
-- Roughly 70,000 rows
CREATE TABLE `mail_zip` (
`mail_id` int(11) default NULL,
`zip` int(11) default NULL,
KEY `index_mail_zip_on_mail_id` (`mail_id`),
KEY `index_mail_zip_on_zip` (`zip`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
-- Roughly 5,000,000 rows
CREATE TABLE `geographies` (
`city_id` int(11) default NULL,
`postal_code` int(11) default NULL,
KEY `index_geographies_on_city_id` (`city_id`),
KEY `index_geographies_on_postal_code` (`postal_code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
-- Query
select mz.mail_id from mail_zip mz join geographies g on mz.zip = g.postal_code where g.city_id = 36 limit 10;
更新2:好吧,我撒謊。使用適當的索引,上述查詢工作正常。問題實際上是order by子句。查看下面兩個幾乎相同的查詢:唯一的區別是「order by m.sent_on desc」,它爲查詢增加了額外的4分30秒!另外,使用解釋,通過使用文件添加順序,這必須是減慢速度。但是,sent_on被索引,所以爲什麼不使用索引?我不應該正確編制索引。
-- Roughly 350,000 rows
CREATE TABLE `mail` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`sent_on` datetime default NULL,
`title` varchar(255) default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `index_mail_on_sent_on` (`sent_on`),
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
-- Runs in 0.19 seconds
-- Query
select distinct(m.id), m.title from mail m join mail_zip mz on mz.mail_id = m.id join geographies g on g.postal_code = mz.zip where g.city_id = 36 limit 10;
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | mz | ALL | index_mail_zip_on_com_id,index_mail_zip_on_zip | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5260053 | Using temporary |
| 1 | SIMPLE | m | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | mz.com_id | 1 | |
| 1 | SIMPLE | g | ref | index_geographies_on_city_id,zip | zip | 5 | mz.zip | 1 | Using where; Distinct |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+-----------------------+
-- Runs in 4 minutes and 30 seconds
-- Query
select distinct(m.id), m.title from mail m join mail_zip mz on mz.mail_id = m.id join geographies g on g.postal_code = mz.zip where g.city_id = 36 order by m.sent_on desc limit 10;
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | mz | ALL | index_mail_zip_on_com_id,index_mail_zip_on_zip | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5260053 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| 1 | SIMPLE | m | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | mz.com_id | 1 | |
| 1 | SIMPLE | g | ref | index_geographies_on_city_id,zip | zip | 5 | mz.zip | 1 | Using where; Distinct |
+----+-------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+---------+---------+----------------------+---------+---------------------------------+
請在確切的表格和索引定義以及緩慢的查詢中添加更多的細節。 – 2010-04-02 21:28:50
注意:要顯示確切的表格和索引定義,您可以爲每個相關表格「SHOW CREATE TABLE tablename」顯示並在此處張貼。 – 2010-04-02 21:37:01
正如人們所問,我已經用表格定義和我正在使用的查詢更新了這個問題。 – 2010-04-05 13:41:20