解析在python具有多個根元素的XML文件

Question

我有一個XML文件，並我需要取一些從它的標籤爲一些使用，其具有數據等：

<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<data> 
    <country name="Liechtenstein"> 
     <rank>1</rank> 
     <year>2008</year> 
     <gdppc>141100</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> 
     <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> 
    </country> 
    <country name="Singapore"> 
     <rank>4</rank> 
     <year>2011</year> 
     <gdppc>59900</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> 
    </country> 
    <country name="Panama"> 
     <rank>68</rank> 
     <year>2011</year> 
     <gdppc>13600</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> 
     <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> 
    </country> 
</data> 
<?xml version="1.0"?> 
<data> 
    <country name="Liechtenstein1"> 
     <rank>1</rank> 
     <year>2008</year> 
     <gdppc>141100</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Austria1" direction="E"/> 
     <neighbor name="Switzerland1" direction="W"/> 
    </country> 
    <country name="Singapore"> 
     <rank>4</rank> 
     <year>2011</year> 
     <gdppc>59900</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Malaysia1" direction="N"/> 
    </country> 
    <country name="Panama"> 
     <rank>68</rank> 
     <year>2011</year> 
     <gdppc>13600</gdppc> 
     <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> 
     <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> 
    </country> 
</data> 

我需要解析這一點，所以我用：

​​

這個代碼在第2行給錯誤：xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError: junk after document element:

我想這是因爲多個XML標記，你有什麼想法，我應該如何解析呢？

Answer 1

如果您需要，此代碼將填寫一種方法的詳細信息。

該代碼監視'cumulative_xml直到遇到另一個xml文檔的開始或文件的結尾。當它有一個完整的xml文檔時，它會調用display來執行lxml庫來解析文檔並報告一些內容。

>>> from lxml import etree 
>>> def display(alist): 
...  tree = etree.fromstring(''.join(alist)) 
...  for country in tree.xpath('.//country'): 
...   print(country.attrib['name'], country.find('rank').text, country.find('year').text) 
...   print([neighbour.attrib['name'] for neighbour in country.xpath('neighbor')]) 
... 
>>> accumulated_xml = [] 
>>> with open('temp.xml') as temp: 
...  while True: 
...   line = temp.readline() 
...   if line: 
...    if line.startswith('<?xml'): 
...     if accumulated_xml: 
...      display (accumulated_xml) 
...      accumulated_xml = [] 
...    else: 
...     accumulated_xml.append(line.strip()) 
...   else: 
...    display (accumulated_xml) 
...    break 
... 
Liechtenstein 1 2008 
['Austria', 'Switzerland'] 
Singapore 4 2011 
['Malaysia'] 
Panama 68 2011 
['Costa Rica', 'Colombia'] 
Liechtenstein1 1 2008 
['Austria1', 'Switzerland1'] 
Singapore 4 2011 
['Malaysia1'] 
Panama 68 2011 
['Costa Rica', 'Colombia'] 

Answer 2

問題：...任何想法，我應該如何解析呢？

篩選整個文件並分割成有效<?xml ...塊。
創建myfile_01, myfile_02 ... myfile_nn。

n = 0 
out_fh = None 
with open('myfile.xml') as in_fh: 
    while True: 
     line = in_fh.readline() 
     if not line: break 

     if line.startswith('<?xml'): 
      if out_fh: 
       out_fh.close() 
      n += 1 
      out_fh = open('myfile_{:02}'.format(n)) 

     out_fh.write(line) 

    out_fh.close() 

如果你想在所有一個<country>XML Tree：

import re 
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET 

with open('myfile.xml') as fh: 
    root = ET.fromstring('<?xml version="1.0"?><data>{}</data>'. 
         format(''.join(re.findall('<country.*?</country>', fh.read(), re.S))) 
           ) 

測試使用Python 3.4.2