對於外鍵的多列唯一約束,MySQL似乎有些破裂。這是我能拿出來顯示這個(使用MySQL/InnoDB的)最小的例子:我如何在MySQL中有一個涉及ForeignKey字段的unique_together約束?
models.py
from django.db import models
class Team(models.Model):
pass
class Player(models.Model):
team = models.ForeignKey(Team)
number = models.PositiveIntegerField()
class Meta:
unique_together = ("team", "number")
運行schemamigration --initial
,南吐出來,下面的遷移(唯一重要的位):
class Migration(SchemaMigration):
def forwards(self, orm):
# Adding model 'Team'
db.create_table('fkuniq_team', (
('id', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.AutoField')(primary_key=True)),
))
db.send_create_signal('fkuniq', ['Team'])
# Adding model 'Player'
db.create_table('fkuniq_player', (
('id', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.AutoField')(primary_key=True)),
('team', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey')(to=orm['fkuniq.Team'])),
('number', self.gf('django.db.models.fields.PositiveIntegerField')()),
))
db.send_create_signal('fkuniq', ['Player'])
# Adding unique constraint on 'Player', fields ['team', 'number']
db.create_unique('fkuniq_player', ['team_id', 'number'])
而且在MySQL:
mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM fkuniq_player;
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| team_id | int(11) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| number | int(10) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
+---------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
我想靜靜地南未能創造出我想要的獨特約束。在Key
專欄中,我看到id
主鍵索引和team_id
外鍵索引,但也應該有一個MUL
的number
行,因爲應該就可以了UNIQUE
指數與team_id
。此外,從模型中移除unique_together
約束會導致下遷移失敗,出現錯誤:
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
File "/home/aogier/uniques/../uniques/fkuniq/migrations/0002_auto__del_unique_player_number_team.py", line 12, in forwards
db.delete_unique('fkuniq_player', ['number', 'team_id'])
File "/home/aogier/.virtualenvs/uniques/lib/python2.7/site-packages/south/db/generic.py", line 479, in delete_unique
raise ValueError("Cannot find a UNIQUE constraint on table %s, columns %r" % (table_name, columns))
ValueError: Cannot find a UNIQUE constraint on table fkuniq_player, columns ['number', 'team_id']
我相信這是因爲缺少MySQL沒有發揮好,當外鍵約束和多列UNIQUE
約束一致。對於ALTER TABLE
:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/alter-table.html的MySQL文檔有一個評論意見(參見下文,Hadi Rastgou評論)。
不管怎樣,對於長期問題抱歉:沒有人有辦法讓這項工作?即使我必須在原始SQL中的特定於MySQL的查詢中編寫代碼,我也會喜歡在遷移中執行此操作的乾淨方式。或者,也許這在MySQL中是不可能做到的,在我花更多時間研究這個之前,這很好理解。