2
在過去幾個月中，我玩了很多TreeView，現在我遇到了UI凍結問題。當你有大量的項目和這些項目的數據部分創建非常快，但創建TreeViewItems和可視化這些（它必須在UI線程上完成）需要一段時間。WPF UI線程凍結在TreeView中加載一堆項目
讓我們以Shell瀏覽器和C：\ Windows \ System32目錄爲例。 （我重新編寫了http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/24237/A-Multi-Threaded-WPF-TreeView-Explorer解決方案。）這個目錄有大約2500個文件和文件夾。
DataItem和Visual加載在不同的線程中實現，但由於文件和目錄信息被快速讀取，它沒有任何好處。當它創建TreeViewItems並使其可見時，應用程序會凍結。 我已經試過：
- 設置不同的DispatcherPriorities的UI線程時加載的項目，例如窗口被交互（我是能夠移動）與DispatcherPriority.ContextIdle，但後來項目真的裝慢..
- 創建和可視化項目中的塊，每一樣一次100個項目，但帽子沒有任何好處，UI線程仍然被凍結..
我的目標是，應用程序將同時加載的是互動項目的！ 目前，我只有一個想法如何解決這個問題，實現我自己的控制跟蹤窗口大小，滾動條的位置，並只加載可見的項目，但這並不容易，我不確定在最後的表現會更好.. :)
也許有人有想法如何使應用程序互動，同時加載一堆視覺項目？！
代碼：
完整的解決方案可以在那裏找到：http://www.speedyshare.com/hksN6/ShellBrowser.zip
計劃：
public partial class DemoWindow
{
public DemoWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.Loaded += DemoWindow_Loaded;
}
private readonly object _dummyNode = null;
delegate void LoaderDelegate(TreeViewItem tviLoad, string strPath, DEL_GetItems actGetItems, AddSubItemDelegate actAddSubItem);
delegate void AddSubItemDelegate(TreeViewItem tviParent, IEnumerable<ItemToAdd> itemsToAdd);
// Gets an IEnumerable for the items to load, in this sample it's either "GetFolders" or "GetDrives"
// RUNS ON: Background Thread
delegate IEnumerable<ItemToAdd> DEL_GetItems(string strParent);
void DemoWindow_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var tviRoot = new TreeViewItem();
tviRoot.Header = "My Computer";
tviRoot.Items.Add(_dummyNode);
tviRoot.Expanded += OnRootExpanded;
tviRoot.Collapsed += OnItemCollapsed;
TreeViewItemProps.SetItemImageName(tviRoot, @"Images/Computer.png");
foldersTree.Items.Add(tviRoot);
}
void OnRootExpanded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var treeViewItem = e.OriginalSource as TreeViewItem;
StartItemLoading(treeViewItem, GetDrives, AddItem);
}
void OnItemCollapsed(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var treeViewItem = e.OriginalSource as TreeViewItem;
if (treeViewItem != null)
{
treeViewItem.Items.Clear();
treeViewItem.Items.Add(_dummyNode);
}
}
void OnFolderExpanded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var tviSender = e.OriginalSource as TreeViewItem;
e.Handled = true;
StartItemLoading(tviSender, GetFilesAndFolders, AddItem);
}
void StartItemLoading(TreeViewItem tviSender, DEL_GetItems actGetItems, AddSubItemDelegate actAddSubItem)
{
tviSender.Items.Clear();
LoaderDelegate actLoad = LoadSubItems;
actLoad.BeginInvoke(tviSender, tviSender.Tag as string, actGetItems, actAddSubItem, ProcessAsyncCallback, actLoad);
}
void LoadSubItems(TreeViewItem tviParent, string strPath, DEL_GetItems actGetItems, AddSubItemDelegate actAddSubItem)
{
var itemsList = actGetItems(strPath).ToList();
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, actAddSubItem, tviParent, itemsList);
}
// Runs on Background thread.
IEnumerable<ItemToAdd> GetFilesAndFolders(string strParent)
{
var list = Directory.GetDirectories(strParent).Select(itemName => new ItemToAdd() {Path = itemName, TypeOfTheItem = ItemType.Directory}).ToList();
list.AddRange(Directory.GetFiles(strParent).Select(itemName => new ItemToAdd() {Path = itemName, TypeOfTheItem = ItemType.File}));
return list;
}
// Runs on Background thread.
IEnumerable<ItemToAdd> GetDrives(string strParent)
{
return (Directory.GetLogicalDrives().Select(x => new ItemToAdd(){Path = x, TypeOfTheItem = ItemType.DiscDrive}));
}
void AddItem(TreeViewItem tviParent, IEnumerable<ItemToAdd> itemsToAdd)
{
string imgPath = "";
foreach (ItemToAdd itemToAdd in itemsToAdd)
{
switch (itemToAdd.TypeOfTheItem)
{
case ItemType.File:
imgPath = @"Images/File.png";
break;
case ItemType.Directory:
imgPath = @"Images/Folder.png";
break;
case ItemType.DiscDrive:
imgPath = @"Images/DiskDrive.png";
break;
}
if (itemToAdd.TypeOfTheItem == ItemType.Directory || itemToAdd.TypeOfTheItem == ItemType.File)
IntAddItem(tviParent, System.IO.Path.GetFileName(itemToAdd.Path), itemToAdd.Path, imgPath);
else
IntAddItem(tviParent, itemToAdd.Path, itemToAdd.Path, imgPath);
}
}
private void IntAddItem(TreeViewItem tviParent, string strName, string strTag, string strImageName)
{
var tviSubItem = new TreeViewItem();
tviSubItem.Header = strName;
tviSubItem.Tag = strTag;
tviSubItem.Items.Add(_dummyNode);
tviSubItem.Expanded += OnFolderExpanded;
tviSubItem.Collapsed += OnItemCollapsed;
TreeViewItemProps.SetItemImageName(tviSubItem, strImageName);
tviParent.Items.Add(tviSubItem);
}
private void ProcessAsyncCallback(IAsyncResult iAR)
{
// Call end invoke on UI thread to process any exceptions, etc.
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(System.Windows.Threading.DispatcherPriority.Normal, (Action)(() => ProcessEndInvoke(iAR)));
}
private void ProcessEndInvoke(IAsyncResult iAR)
{
try
{
var actInvoked = (LoaderDelegate)iAR.AsyncState;
actInvoked.EndInvoke(iAR);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Probably should check for useful inner exceptions
MessageBox.Show(string.Format("Error in ProcessEndInvoke\r\nException: {0}", ex.Message));
}
}
private struct ItemToAdd
{
public string Path;
public ItemType TypeOfTheItem;
}
private enum ItemType
{
File,
Directory,
DiscDrive
}
}
public static class TreeViewItemProps
{
public static string GetItemImageName(DependencyObject obj)
{
return (string)obj.GetValue(ItemImageNameProperty);
}
public static void SetItemImageName(DependencyObject obj, string value)
{
obj.SetValue(ItemImageNameProperty, value);
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty ItemImageNameProperty;
static TreeViewItemProps()
{
ItemImageNameProperty = DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("ItemImageName", typeof(string), typeof(TreeViewItemProps), new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty));
}
}
的XAML：
<Window x:Class="ThreadedWpfExplorer.DemoWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:ThreadedWpfExplorer"
Title="Threaded WPF Explorer" Height="840" Width="350" Icon="/ThreadedWpfExplorer;component/Images/Computer.png">
<Grid>
<TreeView x:Name="foldersTree">
<TreeView.Resources>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type TreeViewItem}">
<Setter Property="HeaderTemplate">
<Setter.Value>
<DataTemplate DataType="ContentPresenter">
<Grid>
<StackPanel Name="spImg" Orientation="Horizontal">
<Image Name="img"
Source="{Binding
RelativeSource={RelativeSource
Mode=FindAncestor,
AncestorType={x:Type TreeViewItem}},
Path=(local:TreeViewItemProps.ItemImageName)}"
Width="20" Height="20" Stretch="Fill" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}" Margin="5,0" VerticalAlignment="Center" />
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</DataTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</TreeView.Resources>
</TreeView>
</Grid>
</Window>
替代加載項：
private const int rangeToAdd = 100;
void LoadSubItems(TreeViewItem tviParent, string strPath, DEL_GetItems actGetItems, AddSubItemDelegate actAddSubItem)
{
var itemsList = actGetItems(strPath).ToList();
int index;
for (index = 0; (index + rangeToAdd) <= itemsList.Count && rangeToAdd <= itemsList.Count; index = index + rangeToAdd)
{
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, actAddSubItem, tviParent, itemsList.GetRange(index, rangeToAdd));
}
if (itemsList.Count < (index + rangeToAdd) || rangeToAdd > itemsList.Count)
{
var itemsLeftToAdd = itemsList.Count % rangeToAdd;
Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Normal, actAddSubItem, tviParent, itemsList.GetRange((rangeToAdd > itemsList.Count) ? index : index - rangeToAdd, itemsLeftToAdd));
}
}
謝謝，我在想某種程度上VirtualizingStackPanel.IsVirtualizing =「True」是默認的TreeView行爲。 – TTT 2013-02-21 13:39:28
除了有時ItemControl與屬性VirtualizingStackPanel.VirtualizationMode =「回收」行爲是意外的，因爲項目容器被重用，但容器的屬性似乎並不總是重置。在我的情況下，受害者是IsExpanded財產。通過快速拖動滾動條觸發擴展事件。例如：http://www.speedyshare.com/H9BTV/ShellSolution.zip – TTT 2013-02-21 14:39:27