過程控制塊

Question

我的教授問這個問題的作業。

查閱Linux手冊或Microsoft Windows手冊。在您選擇的操作系統中查找過程控制塊（過程描述符）的實際內容。

我知道在普通PCB包含

進程號或進程ID

過程狀態

程序計數器

CPU寄存器

CPU調度信息

內存 - manageme NT信息

會計信息

I/O狀態信息

我試圖找到手冊，但我沒在網上看到它。有誰能幫我解決這個問題嗎？

Answer 1

從我所瞭解的Linux中，PCB或過程描述符是由內核動態分配的，不能直接從用戶空間讀取。

IBM的developerWorks庫有一篇不錯的文章，向您展示如何爲Linux創建內核模塊並訪問結構體。

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-process-management/index.html

希望這有助於。

---

編輯：作爲的task_struct在Linux中v2.6.37定義：http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v2.6.37/include/linux/sched.h#L1182

谷歌的禮貌。 :)

Answer 2

對於Linux，請啓動here（並轉至更新版本的Linux內核）。雖然老，這應該有助於找到你的答案。

Answer 3

對於Windows，您可以看一下名爲'PEB'的用戶模式等價物。可以使用'！peb'使用WinDbg進行檢查。

Answer 4

這可以幫助你。我以前發佈過，但出於安全原因，我不得不取消我的帳戶。

 #include <iostream> 
     #include <sstream> 
     #include <vector> 
     #include <list> 
     #include <string> 
     #include "proc.h" 
     #include "rq.h" 

     using namespace std; 


     // creates a vector of Queues 
     void load_queue(vector<rq> &queue, unsigned int num_of_queues) 
     { 
      for(int pos=0; pos<num_of_queues; pos++) 
      { 
       queue.push_back(rq()); 
      } 
     } 

     //returns the biggest queue position in the vector 
     unsigned int get_biggest_queue_pos(vector<rq> queues) 
     { 
      unsigned int queue_pos = 0; // Pos of smaller queue. Default 0. 
      unsigned int queue_size = queues.at(queue_pos).size(); // Its size 
      for(unsigned int pos = 0; pos < queues.size(); pos++) 
      { 
       if(queues.at(pos).size() > queue_size) 
       { 
        queue_pos = pos; 
        queue_size = queues.at(pos).size(); 
       } 
      } 
      return queue_pos; // Return smaller queue position in vector. 
     } 



     // Returns the smaller queue position in the vector. 
     unsigned int get_smaller_queue_pos(vector<rq> queues) 
     { 
      unsigned int queue_pos = 0; // Pos of smaller queue. Default 0. 
      unsigned int queue_size = queues.at(queue_pos).size(); // Its size 
      for(unsigned int pos = 0; pos < queues.size(); pos++) 
      { 
       if(queues.at(pos).size() < queue_size) 
       { 
        queue_pos = pos; 
        queue_size = queues.at(pos).size(); 
       } 
      } 
      return queue_pos; // Return smaller queue position in vector. 
     } 

     //Searches for a PID in entire system and erases it. 
     bool get_pid_process(vector<rq> &queue, int id) 
     { 
      vector <proc> temp; 
      proc process(0,0,0); 
      int check; 
      int number=id; 
      int size=queue.size(); 

      /*checks rest of queues, including ready queues and device queues*/ 
      for(int i=0; i<size; i++) 
      { 
       temp=queue[i].get_queue(); 
       int size1=temp.size(); 
       for(int j=0; j<size1; j++) 
       { 
        process=temp.at(j); 
        check=process.get_pid(); 
        if(check==number) 
        { 
         cout<<"Process found in a queue and being erased..."<<endl; 
         queue[i].remove_process(j); 
         float cputime=process.get_burst(); 
         float burstime=process.get_average(); 
         cout<<"Process information:"<<endl; 
         cout<<"PID: "<<number<<endl<<"Acc CPU time: "<<cputime<<endl<<"Average burst time: "<<burstime<<endl; 
         cout<<"Process killed"<<endl<<endl; 
         return true; 
        } 
       } 
      } 

      /*Checks all CPUs in ready queues*/ 
      for(int k=0; k<size; k++) 
      { 
       temp=queue[k].get_cpu(); 
       process=temp.front(); 
       check=process.get_pid(); 
       if(check==number) 
       { 
        cout<<"Process found in a CPU and being erased..."<<endl; 
        float cputime=process.get_burst(); 
        float burstime=process.get_average(); 
        queue[k].clear_cpu(); 
        cout<<"Process information:"<<endl; 
        cout<<"PID: "<<number<<endl<<"Acc CPU time: "<<cputime<<endl<<"Average burst time: "<<burstime<<endl; 
        cout<<"Process killed"<<endl<<endl; 
        return true;//ends if PID is found in CPU and returns true 
       } 
      } 
      return false; 
     } 

     int main() 
     { 
      cout << "Sys gen starting..."<<endl; 
      cout<<"Please enter the amount of CPUs (between 1 and 9)"<<endl; 
      int cpu; 
      cin>>cpu; 
      while(cpu<1 || cpu>9) 
      { 
       cout<<"Invalid value, please re-enter amount:"<<endl; 
       cin>>cpu; 
      } 

      cout<<"Enter amount of PRINTERs:"<<endl; 
      int pr; 
      cin>>pr; 
      cout<<"Enter amount of DISKs:"<<endl; 
      int di; 
      cin>>di; 
      cout<<"Enter amount of CD/RWs:"<<endl; 
      int cd; 
      cin>>cd; 
      int devices=(cpu*2)+pr+di+cd;//amount of devices(queues and CPU's) 
      int PID=0; 
      int PCB=0; 
      vector<rq> RQ; //vector of ready queues 
      vector<rq> PQ; //vector of printer queues 
      vector<rq> DQ; //vector of disk queues 
      vector<rq> CQ; //vector of CD/RW queues 

      load_queue(RQ, cpu); 
      load_queue(PQ, pr); //load printer queues to PQ vector 
      load_queue(DQ, di); // ... 
      load_queue(CQ, cd); // ... 


      cout << "Running section..." <<endl<< endl; 
      cout<<"Start inputting commands; To terminate program press E or e at any time:"<<endl; 
      while(true) 
      { 
       string device;//for name of device 
       string enter;//for input 
       cin>>enter; 
       int correspond=0; 
       int smaller; 
       char num11=enter[0];//1st position character 
       char input=enter[1];//2nd position char 
       char num=enter[2];//3rd position char 
       int num1=num11 -'0';//1st position integer 
       int n=num -'0';//3rd position  int 
       int inp=input - '0';//2nd position int 
       int empty; 

       /*creates a new process and puts it into emptiest Ready Queue*/ 
       if(num11=='A') 
       { 
        smaller=get_smaller_queue_pos(RQ); //determines which ready queue has less processes 
        RQ[smaller].create_process(smaller, PID, PCB); 
        PID++; 
        PCB++; 
        if(RQ[smaller].get_cpu().size() == 0) 
        { 
         RQ[smaller].cpu(); 
        } 
       } 

       /*terminates a process from a particular CPU*/ 
       else if(input=='t') 
       { 
        if(num1>0 && num1<=cpu) 
        { 
         RQ[num1-1].terminate(); 
         PCB--; 
         RQ[num1-1].cpu(); 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid entry"<<endl; 
        } 
       } 

       /*Prints out a snapshot of a particular device Q or the ready queues*/ 
       else if(num11 == 'S') 
       { 
        cout << "Select a queue: "<<endl; 
        char sele; 
        cin >> sele; 
        switch(sele) 
        { 
         case 'p': 
          if(pr==0) 
          { 
           cout<<"There are no printer queues created."<<endl; 
          } 
          else 
          { 
           device="Printer"; 
           cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl; 
           for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++) 
           { 
            cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl; 
            PQ.at(i).snapshot(device); 
           } 
          } 
          break; 
         case 'r': 
          cout<<endl<<"___A Snapshot of your Ready Queue(s)___"<<endl; 
          for(int i = 0; i < RQ.size(); i++) 
          { 
           cout<<"Ready queue "<<i+1<<":"<<endl; 
           RQ[i].snapshot(); 
          } 
           break; 
         case 'd': 
          if(di==0) 
          { 
           cout<<"There are no disk queues created."<<endl; 
          } 
          else 
          { 
           device="Disk"; 
           cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl; 
           for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++) 
           { 
            cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl; 
            DQ.at(i).snapshot(device); 
           }      
          } 
          break; 
         case 'c': 
          if(cd==0) 
          { 
           cout<<"There are no cd/rw queues created."<<endl; 
          } 
          else 
          { 
           device="Cd/rw"; 
           cout<<"A snapshot of your "<<device<<" queues:"<<endl<<"PCB\tPID\tLENGTH\tLOCATION\tFILE NAME\tUsed CPU time(ms)\tAverage Burst time(ms)"<<endl; 
           for(int i = 0; i < PQ.size(); i++) 
           { 
            cout<<device<<" "<<i+1<<":"<<endl; 
            CQ.at(i).snapshot(device); 
           } 
          } 
          break; 
         default: 
          cout << "No such queue; wrong option." << endl; 
          break; 
        } 
       } 
       /*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular printer queue*/ 
       else if(input=='p') 
       { 
        if(n>pr) 
        { 
         cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 

         /*start of push */ 
         vector <proc> temp1; 
         int big; 
         temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();    
         if (temp1.empty()) 
         { 
          big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ); 
          temp1=RQ[big].get_front(); 
          temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1); 
          RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front()); 
          RQ[num1-1].cpu(); 
         } 
         /*end of push */ 

         int ind=1;// to determines it's a printer when asking for parameters 
         vector <proc> temp; 
         temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1) 
         if(nn==0) 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         } 
         else 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         } 
         RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         PQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 
       /*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular disk queue*/ 
       else if(input=='d') 
       { 
        if(n>di) 
        { 
         cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         /*start of push */ 
         vector <proc> temp1; 
         int big; 
         temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();    
         if (temp1.empty()) 
         { 
          big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ); 
          temp1=RQ[big].get_front(); 
          temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1); 
          RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front()); 
          RQ[num1-1].cpu(); 
         } 
         /*end of push */ 

         int ind=0;// to determine it's a printer when asking for parameters 
         vector <proc> temp; 
         temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1) 
         if(nn==0) 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         } 
         else 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         }    
         RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         DQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 

       /*moves a process from a particular CPU into a particular cd/rw queue*/ 
       else if(input=='c') 
       { 
        if(n>pr) 
        { 
         cout<<"You are exceding the amount of queues available for this device."<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         /*start of push */ 
         vector <proc> temp1; 
         int big; 
         temp1=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu();    
         if (temp1.empty()) 
         { 
          big=get_biggest_queue_pos(RQ); 
          temp1=RQ[big].get_front(); 
          temp1.at(0).change_q(num1-1); 
          RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(temp1.front()); 
          RQ[num1-1].cpu(); 
         } 
         /*end of push */ 


         int ind=0;// to determine it's a printer when asking for parameters 
         vector <proc> temp; 
         temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         int nn=temp.at(0).get_first();//to determine if process already has parameters (if nn=1) 
         if(nn==0) 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].get_info(ind);//input process parameters 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         } 
         else 
         { 
          RQ[num1-1].bur_info(); 
          temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         } 
         RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         CQ[n-1].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 
       /*moves a process from a particular printer queue to it's ready queue*/ 
       else if(num11=='P') 
       { 
        if(enter=="P") 
        { 
         cout<<"missing values"<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(inp>pr) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(PQ[inp-1].tamano()==0) 
        { 
         cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         vector<proc> temp; 
         temp=PQ[inp-1].get_device(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         correspond=te.get_q(); 
         RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 
       /*moves a process from a particular disk queue to it's ready queue*/ 
       else if(num11=='D') 
       { 
        if(enter=="D") 
        { 
         cout<<"missing values"<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(inp>di) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(DQ[inp-1].tamano()==0) 
        { 
         cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         vector<proc> temp; 
         temp=DQ[inp-1].get_device(); 
         correspond=DQ[inp-1].queue(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         correspond=te.get_q(); 
         RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 
       /*moves a process from a particular cr/rw queue to it's ready queue*/ 
       else if(num11=='C') 
       { 
        if(enter=="C") 
        { 
         cout<<"missing values"<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(inp>cd) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid input."<<endl; 
        } 
        else if(CQ[inp-1].tamano()==0) 
        { 
         cout<<"There are no more processes in the Queue"<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         vector<proc> temp; 
         temp=CQ[inp-1].get_device(); 
         correspond=PQ[inp-1].queue(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.front(); 
         correspond=te.get_q(); 
         RQ[correspond].enter_to_rq(te); 
        } 
       } 
       /*terminates program*/ 
       else if(num11=='E' || num11=='e') 
       { 
        return 0; 
       } 

       /*Moves process from CPU to it's ready queue*/ 
       else if(input=='T') 
       { 
        if(enter=="T") 
        { 
          cout<<"missing values"<<endl; 
        } 
        else if (num1>cpu) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid entry, no such CPU."<<endl; 
        } 
        else if (num1==0) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid entry, no such CPU."<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         vector<proc> temp; 
         temp=RQ[num1-1].get_cpu(); 
         RQ[num1-1].cpu_clear(); 
         proc te(0,0,0); 
         te=temp.at(0); 
         RQ[num1-1].enter_to_rq(te); 
         RQ[num1-1].clear_cpu(); 
        } 
       } 
       /*Kills a process determined by it's PID*/ 
       else if(num11=='K') 
       { 
       if(enter=="K") 
       { 
        cout<<"missing values"<<endl; 
       } 
       else 
       { 
        /*Borrowed code to convert a string into an int*/  
        /*converts the rest of numbers into a separate string*/ 
        int n=enter.length(); 
        char number[n-1]; 
        for (int j=0; j<n; j++) 
        { 
         number[j]=enter[j+1]; 
        } 
        string final=number; 
        /*end of conversion, final= string containing PID*/ 

        /*convert the string final into an int*/ 
        int id; 
        stringstream test(final); 
        test>>id; 
        /*end of conversion, id= int containing PID*/ 
        /*End of Borrowed code to convert a string into an int*/ 

        if (id > PID) 
        { 
         cout<<"Invalid PID, no such process"<<endl; 
        } 
        else 
        { 
         /*Check if PID is in a Q or CPU and delete process*/ 
         bool buscar; 
         buscar=get_pid_process(RQ, id); 
         if(buscar==false) 
         { 
          buscar=get_pid_process(PQ, id); 
         } 
         if(buscar==false) 
         { 
          buscar=get_pid_process(DQ, id); 
         } 
         if(buscar==false) 
         { 
          buscar=get_pid_process(CQ, id); 
         } 
         if(buscar==false) 
         { 
          cout<<"Process not found."<<endl; 
         } 
        } 
       } 
       } 

       /*If invalid input*/ 
       else 
       { 
        cout<<"Invalid input, re-enter command."<<endl<<endl; 
       } 
      } 
      return 0; 
     } 

Answer 5

進程控制塊

有一個進程控制塊用於每個過程，包圍所有關於該過程的信息。這是一個數據結構，它包含以下內容：

進程狀態 - 它可以被運行，等待等

進程ID和父進程ID。

CPU寄存器和程序計數器。程序計數器保存下一條要執行的指令的地址。

CPU調度信息 - 比如優先級信息和指向調度隊列的指針。內存管理信息 - 例如，頁表或分段表。

會計信息 - 用戶和內核CPU消耗的時間，賬號，限制等

I/O狀態信息 - 分配設備，打開文件表格等

詳細理念得到我應該建議你從這裏學習 https://coderworld109.blogspot.in/2017/12/process-control-block-pcb.html https://coderworld109.blogspot.in/2017/12/operating-system-process-management.html