在您使用的是簡單的經緯度長的投影距離被扭曲與緯度,逐漸變得捉襟見肘,因爲他們更接近極點。在極點處,單個點伸展到矩形地圖的整個寬度。因此,不建議在這些地圖上使用比例尺,因爲它們的大小隻能在特定的緯度上正確,並且會在地圖上的其他地方誤導。我們可以通過繪製了一系列在不同緯度的比例尺看到這個動作,以顯示它們的尺寸如何變化:
ggplot() +
geom_path(data = map_data("world"), aes(long, lat, group = group), color = "grey80") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = -80, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = -60, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = -40, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = -20, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = 0, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = 20, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = 40, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = 60, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
scalebar(dist = 1000, dd2km = TRUE, model = "WGS84", y.min = 80, y.max = 90, x.min = -180, x.max = 180, st.size = 2, location = "bottomright") +
theme_void()
出於這個原因,通常建議使用一個刻度,而比小規模全球地圖上的比例尺更大。
ggplot() +
geom_path(data = map_data("world"), aes(long, lat, group = group), color = "black") +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = (-9:9)*20) +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = (-9:9)*10) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = 'grey50', size = 0.3, linetype = 3))
如果你真的想用一個標尺,應先重新投影數據(使用spTransform
),以相等的面積投影,爲此距離被扭曲只是最低限度或完全不。
在經緯度投影繪製的全球地圖上,比例尺非常沒有意義,因爲距離與緯度高度失真。更好的辦法是繪製網格圖,這是這種地圖的首選方法。如果你真的想要一個比例尺,然後使用密切保留距離的投影。見例如https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_map_projections – dww
也相關:https://blogs.esri.com/esri/arcgis/2010/04/21/back-to-the-issue-of-scale-bars/ – dww
是的,這就是爲什麼我還包括非洲沿赤道的例子 - 距離似乎也不匹配。 –