如何在C++中移動角色

Question

所以我試圖在C++中做一個迷宮遊戲。下面的代碼是我目前爲止的內容，但我希望能夠使用箭頭鍵移動遊戲中的角色。

我應該使用getch（）命令，ReadInputConsole（）命令嗎？我一直在做很多研究，但都很不清楚。

任何幫助，將不勝感激！

#include "stdafx.h" 
#include <iostream> 
#include <windows.h> 
#include <fstream> 
#include <conio.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 

using namespace std; 

void maze1(); 
void maze2(); 
void welcome(); 

char ch; 

int main() 
{ 
    int enter; 

    welcome(); 

    cin >> enter; 

    if (enter == 1) 
    { 
     system("CLS"); // clear screen 
     maze1(); 
    } 

    system("pause"); 
    return 0; 

} 

void welcome() 
{ 
    cout << " Welcome to my Maze Game!\n\n"; 
    cout << "In order to win this game, you must make your\n"; 
    cout << " way through the maze and find the O. \n"; 
    cout << " Try to get the best time you can to be number 1!\n\n"; 
    cout << " Warning! Don't touch the walls or you will \n"; 
    cout << " lose points!\n "; 
    cout << " Goodluck and have fun!\n\n\n\n"; 
    cout << " Press 1 to begin"; 


} 

void maze1() 
{ 
    int begin; 

    do // do-while loop starts 
    { 

    cin >> begin; // take in input 

     if(begin == 1) // temporary option to check for next screen 
      { 

       ifstream fin; 
       fin.open("lvl1.txt"); 

       char ch; 

       while (!fin.eof()) 
       { 
        fin.get(ch); 
        cout << ch; 
       } 

        fin.close(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       cout << "Sorry, you entered the wrong key."; 
      } 

     } 
    while(begin !=1); // condition of do-while loop 

} 

void maze2() 
{ 
    ifstream fin; 
    fin.open("lvl2.txt"); 

     char ch; 

    while (!fin.eof()) 
    { 
     fin.get(ch); 
     cout << ch; 
    } 

    fin.close(); 
} 

Answer 1

如何使用W，像一些流行的遊戲A，S，d鍵的運動嗎？就像你在你的文章中一樣，你可以使用類似於

std::cin >> key; 

並只是看看你是否得到任何WASD密鑰。

你的程序流程（實際上玩迷宮）似乎並不完整。另外，我看不出你的迷宮如何在記憶中表現出來。我可以提出一個合理的算法來幫助你：

load the maze from a file and store the data in a 2-dimensional grid 

while playing the maze is in progress 
    display the maze 
    wait for user input 
    attempt the move based on the input 
     handle out of bounds case 
     handle colliding into a wall case 
     handle reaching the goal case 
     handle updating grid to the next position 

這裏是實現上述算法一個完整的程序。這是使用C++ 11編譯的。我不是一個Windows開發人員，但我認爲最近的VC++可以支持所有的功能。

#include <algorithm> 
#include <iterator> 
#include <memory> 
#include <string> 
#include <vector> 
#include <fstream> 
#include <iostream> 

class Maze { 
public: 
    void load(std::string&& mazeFilePath); 

    void run(); 

private: 
    using Grid = std::vector<std::string>; 

    enum class MoveDirection { 
    UP, 
    DOWN, 
    RIGHT, 
    LEFT 
    }; 

    enum class MoveResult { 
    OK, 
    OUT_OF_BOUNDS, 
    COLLISION, 
    GOAL 
    }; 

    struct Position { 
    int row; 
    int col; 
    }; 

    void display() const; 

    MoveResult movePlayer(MoveDirection direction); 

    Grid m_grid; 
    Position m_playerPosition; 
    Position m_goalPosition; 

}; 

void Maze::load(std::string&& mazeFilePath) { 
    m_grid.clear(); 

    std::ifstream mazeFileStream(mazeFilePath); //todo - readonly flag 

    int currentRow = 0; 

    for (std::string line; std::getline(mazeFileStream, line);) { 
    int currentCol = 0; 

    std::string row; 

    std::copy_if(std::begin(line), std::end(line), std::back_inserter(row), [&](decltype(row)::value_type c) { 
     switch (c) { 
     case 'i': 
      m_playerPosition.row = currentRow; 
      m_playerPosition.col = currentCol; 
      break; 
     case 'g': 
      m_goalPosition.row = currentRow; 
      m_goalPosition.col = currentCol; 
      break; 
     default: 
      break; 
     } 

     ++currentCol; 

     return true; 
    }); 

    m_grid.emplace_back(std::move(row)); 

    ++currentRow; 
    } 
} 

void Maze::display() const { 
    std::copy(std::begin(m_grid), std::end(m_grid), std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n")); 
} 

void Maze::run() { 
    bool running = true; 

    char key; 

    while (running) { 
    display(); 

    MoveResult moveResult; 

    std::cin >> key; 

    switch (key) { 
     case 'w': 
     moveResult = movePlayer(MoveDirection::UP); 
     break; 
     case 'a': 
     moveResult = movePlayer(MoveDirection::LEFT); 
     break; 
     case 's': 
     moveResult = movePlayer(MoveDirection::DOWN); 
     break; 
     case 'd': 
     moveResult = movePlayer(MoveDirection::RIGHT); 
     break; 
     default: 
     std::cerr << "Please use WASD keys to move player" << std::endl; 
     break; 
    } 

    switch (moveResult) { 
     case MoveResult::OUT_OF_BOUNDS: 
     running = false; 
     std::cout << "failure (out of bounds) - game over" << std::endl; 
     break; 
     case MoveResult::COLLISION: 
     running = false; 
     std::cout << "failure (collision) - game over" << std::endl; 
     break; 
     case MoveResult::GOAL: 
     running = false; 
     std::cout << "success - game over" << std::endl; 
     break; 
     default: 
     break; 
    } 
    } 
} 

Maze::MoveResult Maze::movePlayer(Maze::MoveDirection direction) { 
    Position previousPlayerPosition = m_playerPosition; 

    switch (direction) { 
    case MoveDirection::UP: 
     m_playerPosition.row -= 1; 
     break; 
    case MoveDirection::LEFT: 
     m_playerPosition.col -= 1; 
     break; 
    case MoveDirection::DOWN: 
     m_playerPosition.row += 1; 
     break; 
    case MoveDirection::RIGHT: 
     m_playerPosition.col += 1; 
    } 

    //check bounds 
    try { 
    m_grid.at(m_playerPosition.row).at(m_playerPosition.col); 
    } 
    catch (const std::out_of_range exc) { 
    return MoveResult::OUT_OF_BOUNDS; 
    } 

    //check collision 
    if (m_grid[m_playerPosition.row][m_playerPosition.col] == 'x') { 
    return MoveResult::COLLISION; 
    } 
    //check goal 
    else if (m_grid[m_playerPosition.row][m_playerPosition.col] == 'g') { 
    return MoveResult::GOAL; 
    } 

    m_grid[previousPlayerPosition.row][previousPlayerPosition.col] = ' '; 
    m_grid[m_playerPosition.row][m_playerPosition.col] = 'i'; 

    return MoveResult::OK; 
} 

int main() { 
    auto maze = std::unique_ptr<Maze>(new Maze); 
    maze->load("maze1.txt"); 
    maze->run(); 
} 

樣本映射文件我用看起來像這樣：

xxxgx 
xx x 
xx xx 
x xx 
xixxx