具有動態年份列的數據透視SQL表

Question

我很難搞清楚這一點。我檢查過類似的帖子，但他們只有一列作爲一行旋轉。雖然我需要轉動

我有以下查詢：

SELECT 
     Year([Date]) as Year 
     ,SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as 'Per Cap' 
    FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
    group by [Date] 

這給了我這樣的結果：

Year Drop TicketsDistributed TicketsSold GrossTickets Per Cap 
2016 222   100     5000  4000.00  0.800000 
2015 222   110     5000  4000.00  0.900000 
2014 222   120     5000  4000.00  1.00000 

而且我想以下幾點：

     2016 2015 2014 
Drop     222 222 222  
TicketsDistributed  100 110 120  
TicketsSold   5000 5000 5000  
GrossTickets   4000 4000 4000 
Per Cap    0.8  0.9 1 

基礎的在建議的答案這是我到目前爲止，但它不起作用

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX), 
    @query AS NVARCHAR(MAX) 

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Year(Date)) 
        from [dbo].[SpringTrainings] t 
        cross apply 
        (
         select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap 
    FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings] 
        ) c ([Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap) 
        group by Year(Date) 
        order by Year(Date) 
      FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE 
      ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
     ,1,1,'') 




set @query = 'SELECT [Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap,' + @cols + ' 
      from 
      (
       select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop] 
     ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed] 
     ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets] 
     ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap 
     FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings] 

      ) x 
      pivot 
      (
       max(Year([Date])) 
       for Year([Date]) in (' + @cols + ') 
      ) p ' 

execute sp_executesql @query; 

Answer 1

如果您希望在T-SQL中繼續使用pivot操作符，那麼首先您需要「取消」現有查詢，以便擁有Year，Label和Value。雖然T-SQL中有一個unpivot運算符，但我發現使用CROSS APPLY和VALUES要簡單得多，速度也一樣快（關於Brad Schultz的方法read this article的更多內容），我特別喜歡它，因爲我可以輕鬆地將結果可視化我佈置值對的方式。

SELECT 
     d.Year 
    , a.label 
    , a.value 
FROM (
     SELECT 
      YEAR([Date]) AS [Year] 
      , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop] 
      , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed] 
      , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold] 
      , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets] 
      , SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap] 
     FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
     GROUP BY 
      [Year] 
    ) AS t 
     CROSS APPLY (/* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */ 
      VALUES 
       ('Drop',t.Drop) 
       , ('TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed) 
       , ('TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold) 
       , ('GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets) 
       , ('PerCap',t.PerCap) 
    ) AS a (label, value) 

該查詢（上面）替換了動態SQL中的派生表x。一旦數據被按摩到表單中的支點看起來簡單的方法：

 ) x 
     pivot 
     (
      max([x.Value]) 
      for [x.Year] in ([2014],[2015],[2016]) 
     ) p 

爲了您@cols我會建議一些簡單的像這樣：

SELECT DISTINCT 
    QUOTENAME(Year([date])) 
FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 

TIP：如果你需要一種方法對行進行排序，包括在橫向施加過，這樣的：

 CROSS APPLY (/* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */ 
      VALUES 
       (1, 'Drop',t.Drop) 
       , (2, 'TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed) 
       , (3, 'TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold) 
       , (4, 'GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets) 
       , (5, 'PerCap',t.PerCap) 
    ) AS a (row_order, label, value) 

，然後將該[row_order]可以用來進行樞軸之後。

讓整體看起來是這樣的：

DECLARE @cols AS nvarchar(max) 
     , @query AS nvarchar(max) 

SELECT @cols = STUFF((
      SELECT DISTINCT 
        ',' + QUOTENAME(YEAR([date])) 
      FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
      FOR xml PATH (''), TYPE 
    ) 
     .value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
     , 1, 1, '') 


SET @query = 'SELECT [Year], [Label], ' 
      + @cols 
      + ' FROM (
        SELECT 
         d.Year 
         , a.label 
         , a.value 
        FROM (
         SELECT 
           YEAR([Date]) AS [Year] 
          , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop] 
          , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed] 
          , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold] 
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets] 
          , SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap] 
         FROM [dbo].[Tickets] 
         GROUP BY 
           [Year] 
       ) AS d 
         CROSS APPLY (
            VALUES 
             (1,''Drop'',t.Drop) 
             , (2,''TicketsDistributed'',t.TicketsDistributed) 
             , (3,''TicketsSold'',t.TicketsSold) 
             , (4,''GrossTickets'',t.GrossTickets) 
             , (5,''PerCap'',t.PerCap) 
         ) AS a (row_order,label,value) 
       ) x 
      pivot 
      (
       max([x.Value]) 
       for [x.Year] in (' + @cols + ') 
      ) p 
      ORDER BY [row_order]' 

EXECUTE sp_executesql @query;