插入帶準備好的語句的Java DB複合鍵給出錯誤

Question

我在java數據庫，校友和證書中有兩個表，它們之間有多對多的關係。所以我介紹了第三個表ALUMNUS_HAS_CERTIFICATE來維持兩個表和新的第三個表之間的一對多關係。第三個有一個由原始表的主鍵組成的複合鍵。我的問題是， 我無法用一個重複鍵將數據插入第三個表中使用準備好的語句。 注意：第三個表格有一個複合鍵。

下面是表格的SQL代碼。

try (PreparedStatement stmAlumnusCert = con.prepareStatement(certUpdate) { 
           stmAlumnusCert.setInt(1, alumnusID); 
           stmAlumnusCert.setInt(2, certID); 
           stmAlumnusCert.setInt(3,year_graduated); 
           stmAlumnusCert.executeUpdate(); 
          } 

介紹如下從NetBeans IDE該錯誤消息的準備語句的

CREATE TABLE ALUMNUS (

ALUMNUS_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 
GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY 
(START WITH 1 , INCREMENT BY 1), 
ALUMNUS_NO INT UNIQUE, 
FIRST_NAME VARCHAR (45) , 
LAST_NAME VARCHAR (45) , 
OTHER_NAME VARCHAR (100), 
RESIDENTIAL_ADDRESS VARCHAR (300), 
MAILING_ADDRESS VARCHAR (300), 
EMAIL VARCHAR (120) , 
TELEPHONE VARCHAR (25), 
EMPLOYEED BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE, 
JOB_TITLE VARCHAR (200), 
EMPLOYER_NAME VARCHAR(120), 
EMPLOYER_ADDRESS VARCHAR (300) 

); 

CREATE TABLE CERTIFICATE (
CERT_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY 
GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1 , INCREMENT BY 1), 
CERTIFICATE VARCHAR (300) UNIQUE NOT NULL 
); 


CREATE TABLE ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT (
    ALUMNUS_CK INT NOT NULL, 
    CERT_CK INT NOT NULL, 
    YEAR_GRADUATED SMALLINT 
); 


    --CONSTRAINTS 

    ALTER TABLE ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT ADD CONSTRAINT Alumnus_Has_Cert_Compound_Key PRIMARY KEY  
    (ALUMNUS_CK,CERT_CK); 


    ALTER TABLE APP.ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT 
    ADD FOREIGN KEY (ALUMNUS_CK) 
    REFERENCES APP.ALUMNUS(ALUMNUS_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE; 

    ALTER TABLE APP.ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT 
    ADD FOREIGN KEY (CERT_CK) 
    REFERENCES APP.CERTIFICATE(CERT_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE; 

SQL字符串

String alumnusHasCert = "INSERT INTO APP.ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT " 
      + "(ALUMNUS_CK , CERT_CK ,YEAR_GRADUATED) " 
      + "VALUES (? , ? , ?)"; 

代碼片斷：

IntegrityConstraintViolationException: The statement was aborted because it would have caused a 
     duplicate key value in a unique or primary key constraint or unique index identified by 
'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT_COMPOUND_KEY' defined on 'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT'. 

at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source) at 
org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.generateCsSQLException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.TransactionResourceImpl.wrapInSQLException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.TransactionResourceImpl.handleException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.handleException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.ConnectionChild.handleException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedStatement.executeStatement(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedPreparedStatement.executeStatement(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedPreparedStatement.executeLargeUpdate(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(Unknown Source) 
at wa_poly.UpdateData.update(UpdateData.java:192) 
at wa_poly.MyJFrame.update(MyJFrame.java:1067) 
at wa_poly.MyJFrame.updateButtonActionPerformed(MyJFrame.java:762) 
at wa_poly.MyJFrame.access$1300(MyJFrame.java:65) 
at wa_poly.MyJFrame$14.actionPerformed(MyJFrame.java:528) 
at javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2022) 
at javax.swing.AbstractButton$Handler.actionPerformed(AbstractButton.java:2346) 
at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.fireActionPerformed(DefaultButtonModel.java:402) 
at javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.setPressed(DefaultButtonModel.java:259) 
at javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicButtonListener.mouseReleased(BasicButtonListener.java:252) 
at java.awt.Component.processMouseEvent(Component.java:6527) 
at javax.swing.JComponent.processMouseEvent(JComponent.java:3321) 
at java.awt.Component.processEvent(Component.java:6292) 
at java.awt.Container.processEvent(Container.java:2234) 
at java.awt.Component.dispatchEventImpl(Component.java:4883) 
at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2292) 
at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4705) 
at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEvent(Container.java:4898) 
at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.processMouseEvent(Container.java:4533) 
at java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Container.java:4462) 
at java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Container.java:2278) 
at java.awt.Window.dispatchEventImpl(Window.java:2739) 
at java.awt.Component.dispatchEvent(Component.java:4705) 
at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:746) 
at java.awt.EventQueue.access$400(EventQueue.java:97) 
at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:697) 
at java.awt.EventQueue$3.run(EventQueue.java:691) 
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
at java.security.ProtectionDomain$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:75) 
at java.security.ProtectionDomain$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:86) 
at java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:719) 
at java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:717) 
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
at java.security.ProtectionDomain$1.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:75) 
at java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:716) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:201) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:116) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:105) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:101) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:93) 
at java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:82) 
Suppressed: java.sql.SQLException: Cannot close a connection while a transaction is still active. 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.getSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.newEmbedSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.newEmbedSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.Util.generateCsSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.newSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.checkForTransactionInProgress(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.EmbedConnection.close(Unknown Source) 
    at wa_poly.UpdateData.update(UpdateData.java:212) 
    ... 40 more 
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Cannot close a connection while a transaction is still 

    active. 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory.getSQLException(Unknown Source) 
    at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.wrapArgsForTransportAcrossDRDA(Unknown 
    Source) 
    ... 48 more 
    Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: The statement was aborted because it would have caused a 
    duplicate key value in a unique or primary key constraint or unique index identified by 
'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT_COMPOUND_KEY' defined on 'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT'. 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory.getSQLException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.jdbc.SQLExceptionFactory40.wrapArgsForTransportAcrossDRDA(Unknown Source) 
... 51 more 

    Caused by: ERROR 23505: The statement was aborted because it would have caused a duplicate key 
    value in a unique or primary key constraint or unique index identified by 
    'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT_COMPOUND_KEY' defined on 'ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT'. 
at org.apache.derby.iapi.error.StandardException.newException(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.IndexChanger.insertAndCheckDups(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.IndexChanger.doInsert(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.IndexChanger.insert(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.IndexSetChanger.insert(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.RowChangerImpl.insertRow(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.InsertResultSet.normalInsertCore(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.execute.InsertResultSet.open(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.GenericPreparedStatement.executeStmt(Unknown Source) 
at org.apache.derby.impl.sql.GenericPreparedStatement.execute(Unknown Source) 
... 45 more 

Answer 1

順序的參數S IN準備好的語句應該在你的SQL語句的順序相同：

String certUpdate = "UPDATE APP.ALUMNUS_HAS_CERT " 
     + "SET YEAR_GRADUATED = ? " //1 
     + "WHERE ALUMNUS_CK = ? AND CERT_CK = ? "; //2 and 3 



try (PreparedStatement stmAlumnusCert = con.prepareStatement(certUpdate) { 

          stmAlumnusCert.setInt(1,year_graduated); 
          stmAlumnusCert.setInt(2, certID); 
          stmAlumnusCert.setInt(3, alumnusID);                    stmAlumnusCert.executeUpdate(); 
      } 

錯誤的順序可能是建立在你的表中的重複的複合鍵。

PS：問題已更新，此答案不適用。