如何使用matplotlib生成陰影區域

Question

我試圖在paper中得到數字5，但我無法生成兩個陰影區域，指示1 kcal/mol和2 kcal/mol的誤差。每個陰影區域必須與紙張顏色不同。我怎樣才能做到這一點？

我的代碼：

#!/usr/bin/python 
import numpy as np 
import pylab as plot 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy, scipy, pylab, random 
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator 
import matplotlib as mpl 
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator 

color = "#252525" 
gray = "#777777" 

with open("input.txt", "r") as f: 
    x=[] 
    y=[] 
    z=[] 

    for line in f: 
     if not line.strip() or line.startswith('@') or line.startswith('#'): continue 
     row = line.split() 
     x.append(float(row[0])) 
     y.append(float(row[1])) 
     z.append(float(row[2])) 


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(3.2,2.2), dpi=300) 
ax = plt.subplot(111) 


plt.xlim(-2, -12) 
plt.ylim(-2, -12) 
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(6)) 
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(MaxNLocator(6)) 

ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(1)) 
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(MultipleLocator(1)) 

plt.plot(x,y,'o',color="black", ms=3, mec="black") 
plt.plot(x,z, color='gray' , linestyle = "dashed", dashes=(2,2)) 

plt.xlabel('Experimental (kcal/mol)', fontsize=8) 
plt.ylabel('Predicted (kcal/mol)', fontsize=8) 

for axis in ['top','bottom','left','right']: 
    ax.spines[axis].set_linewidth(0.5) 

plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.95) 
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.18) 
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.14) 
plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.95) 


plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=7) 
plt.tick_params(axis='both', which='minor', labelsize=0) 

plt.savefig("output.png", dpi=300) 

輸入文件：

-2  -2.0 -2 
-3  -3.5 -3 
-4  -5.0 -4 
-5  -7.0 -5 
-6  -6.0 -6 
-8  -10.1 -8 
-10  -10.0 -10 
-12  -12.0 -12 

獲得輸出：

Answer 1

您正在尋找plt.fill_between。您可以將以下內容添加到您的圖中：

plt.plot([-2,-12],[-2,-12], color='gray', linestyle = "dashed", dashes=(2,2)) 
plt.fill_between([-2,-12], [-3,-13], [-1,-11], color='lightblue', alpha=0.5) 
plt.fill_between([-2,-12], [-4,-14], [0,-10], color='lightblue', alpha=0.35) 

這將創建兩個填充區域。