2012-11-23 49 views

回答

2

IP從未打算直接封裝到電線上;你必須有一個低層的有線協議。有用來在金屬絲諸如SONET分組(POS),以太網,T1等封裝分組許多協議...

這些較低層協議被稱爲「本地網絡協議」的RFC 791: The Internet Protocol

第2.1節
2.1. Relation to Other Protocols 

The following diagram illustrates the place of the internet protocol 
in the protocol hierarchy: 


       +------+ +-----+ +-----+  +-----+ 
       |Telnet| | FTP | | TFTP| ... | ... | 
       +------+ +-----+ +-----+  +-----+ 
        | |   |   |  
        +-----+  +-----+  +-----+ 
        | TCP |  | UDP | ... | ... | 
        +-----+  +-----+  +-----+ 
         |   |   |  
        +--------------------------+----+ 
        | Internet Protocol & ICMP | 
        +--------------------------+----+ 
            |     
         +---------------------------+ 
         | Local Network Protocol | <--- Ethernet 
         +---------------------------+ 

         Protocol Relationships 

           Figure 1. 

Internet protocol interfaces on one side to the higher level 
host-to-host protocols and on the other side to the local network 
protocol. 

一個以太網NIC有自己的地址(即MAC地址),它允許它識別該幀是否打算用於該特定的NIC。 IP有一個稱爲ARP協議的夥伴協議,它允許您在IP地址和相應的以太網地址之間進行映射。