對象中的對象（名稱'遊戲'沒有定義）

Question

當我把對象從Game對象的內部移出時，我的代碼運行正常，但我想在它內部定義它們。該程序應該將數據對象中的字符串輸入列表中的一個列表中，列表中有一個列表，該列表中的數據爲瓦片。但我只是得到這個錯誤消息的任何想法？

import pygame   

class Map: 
    grid = [[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[],[]] 
    def __init__(self): 
     self.loadMap("Test") 
     self.printMap() 
    def loadMap(self, mapno): 
     for x in range(10): 
      for y in range(10): 
       #print(str(data.map_1[x][y])+", ("+str(x)+","+str(y)+")") 
       #print(len(self.grid[0])) 
       self.grid[x].append(Tile(game.data.map_1[x][y], x, y)) 
    def printMap(self): 
     pass 


class Tile: 
    def __init__(self, tile, x, y): 
     self.name, self.color = game.data.tile_type[str(tile)] 
     self.x, self.y = x, y 
     self.rect = pygame.rect.Rect((self.x*50),(self.y*50),50,50) 

class Data: 
    tile_type = { 
     "0":("Sea", (5, 28, 179)), 
     "1":("Forest", (18, 122, 15)), 
     "3":("River", (61, 181, 245)), 
     "4":("Sand", (232, 232, 30)), 
     "2":("Grass", (33, 235, 26)), 
     "5":("House", (87, 61, 31)) 
    } 

    map_1 = ((0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0), 
      (0,0,0,4,4,4,4,0,0,0), 
      (0,4,4,4,2,2,5,4,0,0), 
      (0,4,1,2,3,2,2,4,0,0), 
      (0,4,1,5,3,2,1,4,0,0), 
      (0,4,1,2,1,3,1,4,0,0), 
      (0,4,4,4,4,3,1,4,0,0), 
      (0,0,0,0,0,4,3,4,0,0), 
      (0,0,0,0,0,4,1,4,0,0), 
      (0,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0)) 
class Game: 
    def __init__(self): 
     self.data = Data() 
     self.map = Map() 
     pygame.init() 
     size = 500 
     self.surface = pygame.display.set_mode((size,size)) 
     self.main() 
    def main(self): 
     while True: 
      self.ev = pygame.event.poll() 
      if self.ev.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       break 
      surface.fill((255, 240, 53)) 
      pygame.time.delay(10) 
game = Game() 

錯誤消息

Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "C:\Users\Amanda\Downloads\Tilesets.py", line 62, in <module> 
    game = Game() 
    File "C:\Users\Amanda\Downloads\Tilesets.py", line 50, in __init__ 
    self.map = Map() 
    File "C:\Users\Amanda\Downloads\Tilesets.py", line 6, in __init__ 
    self.loadMap("Test") 
    File "C:\Users\Amanda\Downloads\Tilesets.py", line 13, in loadMap 
    self.grid[x].append(Tile(game.data.map_1[x][y], x, y)) 
NameError: name 'game' is not defined 

Answer 1

問題依靠這裏：

game = Game() 

遊戲永遠不會完成初始化，因爲你的程序還在裏面是因爲你叫self.main()裏面同時有一個主要在main。所以在技術上，它的遊戲實例尚未完全定義。你可以改變的是做這件事。通過調用__init__之外的main函數。

class Game: 
    def __init__(self): 
     self.data = Data() 
     self.map = Map() 
     pygame.init() 
     size = 500 
     self.surface = pygame.display.set_mode((size,size)) 

    def main(self): 
     while True: 
      self.ev = pygame.event.poll() 
      if self.ev.type == pygame.QUIT: 
       break 
      surface.fill((255, 240, 53)) 
      pygame.time.delay(10) 
game = Game() 
game.main() # calling the main function here 

Answer 2

如果你想在Map實例中訪問的Game實例，那麼你可以實例化時，它傳遞self到Map，並在分配給Map實例其__init__：

class Map: 
    def __init__(self, game): 
     self.game = game 
     ... 

class Game: 
    def __init__(self): 
     ... 
     self.map = Map(self) 
     ... 

然後，當你想使用它，你可以簡單地使用self.game：

self.grid[x].append(Tile(self.game.data.map_1[x][y], x, y)) 

隨着abccd指出的那樣，你可能應該調用main()的__init__外：

game = Game() 
game.main()